Delirium: prevention, diagnosis and management

Delirium is a very common syndrome in patients in hospital. Multiple factors contribute to its aetiology; however, it is five times more likely to develop in patients with pre-existing dementia. The condition is associated with significant mortality and morbidity, thus patients at high risk must be identified on admission and preventive measures put in place. This article reviews the prevention, diagnosis, assessment and management of delirium in elderly patients.